Improvement in pumps



llNiTED STATES H. JA.` M. HARRIS, vOF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN PUMPS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N0. 52,709, dated February 20, 1866.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, H. A. M. HARRIS, of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State ot' Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement inPumps for Oil and other Wells; and Il do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which vlill enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, formin part of this specification, in

in which- Figure 1 is an elevation of an axial section of a pump made according to my invention, the line. of section being seen at w, Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a cross-section taken through the pump and the piston on the line x, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a cross-section taken through the upper valve-chamber on the line y, Fig. 1.

The object of this invention is to produce a pump which can be used when immersed in the liquid to be raised, and which can be worked effectively at great depths. A vacuum is formed both at the top and the bottom of the cylinder without the use of the ordinary outside water-ways, a valve-chamber being Jformed in the top of the cylinder, and the sides of the cylinder being perforated with numerous holes to admit the liquid to the valve.

A designates a cylinder, the bottom ot' which is provided with an inlet valve, D, working in the usual manner.

B is a hollow piston-rod, carrying a hollow piston, H, which may be described as a cylinder with perforated heads cc, through the upper one of which heads is also a central open-A ing, which communicates with the foot ofthe hollow piston-rod.

C is a circular valve set within the piston, and having a central opening through it7 which communicates with the hollow space of the piston-rod when the valve is raised to its highest position.

The letter d designates the perforations in the heads of the piston. They are arranged circularly in said heads, and are alternately opened and closed by means ot' the valve C as it alternates from its highest to its lowest position in the piston.

A valve-chamber, F, is formed in the upper part ot' the cylinder, between its upper head, J, and the cap G. The head J has a central opening in it wide enough not only to permit the passage of the piston-rod through it, but also to leave an annular space between the edge ot' the opening and the sides of the piston. This annular space forms a valvular passage, which is governed; by an annular valve. E, in whose center is placed a thimble or collar, e, which moves freely on the pistonrod.

, The letters fdesignate ribs, which extend radially fromthe collars and whose office is to guide the valve in opening and closing. The upper ends of the guiding-ribs are extended outward, so as to form hooks7 which engage with the rim of the head J when .the valve is down,.as seen in Fig. 1, and thus the valve is suspended below its seat.

The letters a designate openings made Vthrou gh the sides of the chamber to establish free-communication between it and the well.

The operation ofthe pump is as follows: Supposing the piston to be moving downward,its valve C would be vdriven upward against the upper head, c, of the piston, the perforations d in which would then be closed, and any iiuid or liquid contained in the lower part of the cylinder would enter the perforations d in the bottom of the piston and pass through the center of the valve into the piston-rod. In the meanwhile the descent of the piston will create a partial vacuum-in the upper part of the cylinder, and the pressure ofthe liquid in the well will cause it t0 enter the chamber through the side openings, a, and to open the valve E, so that the Lipper part of the cylinder will be filled. On the ascent of the piston its valve C will be forced against its lower head, the valve E will become closed. and the liquid in the cylinder above the piston will pass into the piston through the perforations in its top, and thence into the piston-rod.

It will be observed that in operating my invention the column of liquid collected in the piston-rod is effectually prevented, under all conditions of the piston, from reacting on the liquid in the well, and that the formation ot' the vacuum in each end of the cylinder proceeds without encountering any direct resistance from such column; and, further, that when the fresh supply of liquid in either end of the cylinder is about to be forced into the piston-rod, the same is put, by reason of the /peculiar construction of the piston and its ton H of the double-acting valve G,when said valve, into direct communication with such Valve is fitted to the boreof the piston and column. formed with annular recesses at its upper and l claim as new and desire Vto secure by Letunder sides7 as represented. ters Patent- 3. The arrangement ot' the annular valve E,

l. The described arrangement in the cylinhollow piston-rod B, head J ,cap G, and open- 4 der A of the lower inlet-valve, D, hollow pisl ings a, as and for the purpose set forth. l ton rod B, hollow piston H; double -acting valve C, annular Valve E e, and openings a, H A' M' HARRIS JI the Whole being,` applied and combined to op- Witnesses:

. erate in the manner set forth. v J EREMIAH KING,

2. The arrangement Within the hollow pis- G. W. FULLER. 

